Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants at Baseline
| Diabetes Status | Treatment Group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Non-prediabetic (n = 32) | Prediabetic (n = 81) | P value | Missing (%) | Placebo (n = 42) | Liraglutide (n = 39) | P value | Missing (%) |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||||||
| Male | 17 (53.1) | 50 (61.7) | .531 | 0 | 25 (59.5) | 25 (64.1) | .845 | 0 |
| Female | 15 (46.9) | 31 (38.3) | 17 (40.5) | 14 (35.9) | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 41.2 (10.9) | 42.7 (10.9) | .509 | 0 | 42.5 (10.7) | 42.9 (11.3) | .872 | 0 |
| Duration of diagnosis, mean (SD), y | 16.7 (9.4) | 15.1 (8.9) | .459 | 15.9 | 14.8 (8.5) | 15.5 (9.4) | .755 | 14.8 |
| Treatment, No. (%) | ||||||||
| Clozapine | 21 (67.7) | 56 (69.1) | .301 | 0.9 | 33 (78.6) | 23 (59.0) | .014* | 0 |
| Olanzapine | 10 (32.3) | 20 (24.7) | 5 (11.9) | 15 (38.5) | ||||
| Combined | 0 (0.0) | 5 (6.2) | 4 (9.5) | 1 (2.6) | ||||
| Dose, mean (SD), mg | ||||||||
| Clozapine | 376.2 (195.5) | 329.1 (167.4) | .290 | 0 | 347.3 (180.2) | 301.0 (144.7) | .296 | 0 |
| Olanzapine | 17.8 (9.9) | 20.2 (17.3) | .676 | 0 | 23.6 (26.0) | 18.3 (10.5) | .474 | 0 |
| Clinical characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Body weight, kg | 99.3 (19.7) | 102.4 (20.3) | .464 | 0 | 102.0 (23.8) | 102.8 (16.0) | .865 | 0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.4 (4.8) | 33.5 (5.7) | .344 | 0 | 33.6 (6.5) | 33.5 (4.8) | .931 | 0 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 110.2 (14.5) | 115.9 (13.1) | .048* | 1.8 | 115.0 (14.6) | 116.8 (11.4) | .537 | 1.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 125.1 (14.4) | 125.2 (12.2) | .953 | 0 | 124.7 (13.9) | 125.8 (10.2) | .686 | 0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 84.0 (8.0) | 84.4 (8.8) | .829 | 0 | 84.5 (8.1) | 84.3 (9.6) | .921 | 0 |
| 2-h, 75-g OGTT value, mmol/l | 6.4 (1.0) | 9.8 (1.9) | <.001*** | 0 | 9.8 (2.0) | 9.7 (1.8) | .734 | 0 |
| Alcohol consumption, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| AUDIT score | 5.2 (6.3) | 4.8 (4.9) | .747 | 0 | 4.8 (5.0) | 4.9 (4.9) | .973 | 0 |
| Drinks/week | 4.9 (11.7) | 4.3 (10.0) | .787 | 0 | 4.7 (11.9) | 3.9 (7.5) | .727 | 0 |
| Rating scales, mean (SD), score | ||||||||
| SQLS | ||||||||
| Psychosocial | 39.0 (22.7) | 38.6 (25.3) | .936 | 0 | 38.1 (26.5) | 39.2 (24.3) | .849 | 0 |
| Motivation and energy | 29.5 (25.6) | 34.5 (26.0) | .356 | 0 | 37.7 (27.2) | 31.0 (24.4) | .242 | 0 |
| Adverse effects | 23.3 (24.3) | 26.4 (21.0) | .491 | 0 | 25.4 (20.7) | 27.5 (21.5) | .654 | 0 |
| GAF | 49.6 (9.3) | 49.2 (8.8) | .843 | 1.8 | 48.1 (7.9) | 50.5 (9.5) | .224 | 1.2 |
| CGI-S | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.6 (0.6) | .524 | 1.8 | 3.7 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.6) | .152 | 1.2 |
Note: Statistical tests included t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. Abbreviations: AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BMI, body mass index; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impressions Scale; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; SD, standard deviation; SQLS, Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale; y – years.
*P < .05, ***P < .001 (2-sided).