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. 2026 Sep 28;16(10):1772. doi: 10.3390/bs16101772
AJOPA African Journal of Psychological Assessment
BRS Brief Resilience Scale
CFA Confirmatory factor analysis
DHS Dispositional Hope Scale
EFA Exploratory factor analysis
ESEM Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling
FORQ Fortitude Questionnaire
GPW General Psychological Well-Being
GPWS General Psychological Well-Being Scale
GSE Generalised Self-Efficacy
IRT Item Response Theory
LRI Life Regards Index
MHC Mental Health Continuum
MLQ Meaning in life Questionnaire
ODL Open- and distance-learning
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OHQ Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire
PANAS Positive and Negative Affect Schedule
PERMA Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PWB Psychological Well-being
QEWB Questionnaire for eudaimonic well-being
ROT Religion Orientation Test
SASS South African Spirituality Scale
SEM Structural equation modelling
SOC Sense of Coherence
SWB Subjective Well-Being
SWLS Satisfaction with Life Scale