| CT | Computed Tomography |
| SAM2 | Segment Anything Model 2 |
| VLM | Vision-Language Model |
| IoU | Intersection over Union |
| HD95 | 95th-Percentile Hausdorff Distance |
| BLEU | Bilingual Evaluation Understudy |
| ROUGE | Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation |
| CNN | Convolutional Neural Network |
| ViT | Vision Transformer |
| SHAP | SHapley Additive exPlanations |
| Grad-CAM | Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping |
| GPU | Graphics Processing Unit |
| BCE | Binary Cross-Entropy |
| DICOM | Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine |