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. 2026 Oct 12;14(10):2312. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14102312
CT Computed Tomography
SAM2 Segment Anything Model 2
VLM Vision-Language Model
IoU Intersection over Union
HD95 95th-Percentile Hausdorff Distance
BLEU Bilingual Evaluation Understudy
ROUGE Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
ViT Vision Transformer
SHAP SHapley Additive exPlanations
Grad-CAM Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
BCE Binary Cross-Entropy
DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine