| PMN | Pre-metastatic niche |
| TGF-ß | Transforming growth factor-β |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| CCL2 | Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 |
| BMDCs | Bone marrow-derived cells |
| CTCs | Circulating tumor cells |
| HPMECs | Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells |
| CM | Conditioned media |
| EMT | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| OPG | Osteoprotegerin |
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