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. 2026 Oct 20;15(20):3739. doi: 10.3390/foods15203739
WS wheat straw
CSH cottonseed hulls
FCSH fermented cottonseed hulls
ADF acid detergent fiber
ALB albumin
ALT alanine aminotransferase
ANOVA analysis of variance
AST aspartate aminotransferase
BH-FDR Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate
CAS Chemical Abstracts Service
CAT catalase
CEAA conditionally essential amino acids
EAA essential amino acids
FDR false discovery rate
GC-IMS gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry
GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase
GSH glutathione
GSH-Px glutathione peroxidase
GPx glutathione peroxidase
GPX1 glutathione peroxidase 1
GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4
LSD least significant difference
M monomer
D dimer
MDA malondialdehyde
NDF neutral detergent fiber
NEAA nonessential amino acids
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NH3-N ammonia nitrogen
PCA principal component analysis
PC1 first principal component
PC2 second principal component
RI retention index
SOD superoxide dismutase
TAA total amino acids
T-AOC total antioxidant capacity
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
T-SOD total superoxide dismutase