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. 2026 Oct 3;13(10):497. doi: 10.3390/jcdd13100497
AR Aortic regurgitation
AS Aortic stenosis
AVD Aortic valve disease
BAV Bicuspid aortic valve
BP Blood pressure
CMR Cardiac magnetic resonance
COCIS Italian Sports Cardiology Guidelines for competitive sport practice
CPET Cardiopulmonary exercise test
CTA Computed tomography angiography
ECG Electrocardiogram
EST Exercise stress test ECG
ESC European Society of Cardiology
FMSI Italian Federation for Sports Medicine
LV Left ventricular
LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction
MDT Multidisciplinary team
SAVR Surgical aortic valve replacement
TAV Tricuspid aortic valve
TAVI Transcatheter aortic valve implantation
TEE Trans-oesophageal echocardiography
TTE Transthoracic echocardiography