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. 2026 Oct 15;27(20):9160. doi: 10.3390/ijms27209160
3-NP 3-nitropropionic acid
CcO Cytochrome c oxidase
DTNB 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
ETC Electron transport chain
FBS Foetal bovine serum
GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid
MAO-B Monoamine oxidase B
MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MPP+ 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance
OAA Oxaloacetate
OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation
PC Pyruvate carboxylase
PCA Principal component analysis
PDH Pyruvate dehydrogenase
SSADH Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
ROS Reactive oxygen species
SDH Succinate dehydrogenase
SIRM Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics
TCA Tricarboxylic acid