Successful 5′-adenylation of a variety of short RNA substrate sequences S5–S8. Each RNA substrate was reacted with the appropriate +2/0, +3/0, or +4/0 blocking oligo, ATP, and T4 RNA ligase as in Figure 3 ▶. For all sets of lanes, the four time points are at 0.5 min, 10 min, 1 h, and 6 h (20% PAGE).