Activation and inhibition of PKR by dsRNAs. In vitro activation assays of PKR. Denaturing 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels are shown. Normalized phosphorylation activities are presented under the gels and were normalized relative to the most reactive lane on the given gel. The position of phosphorylated PKR is noted. (A) In vitro activity assay of PKR by 79-bp dsRNA. Concentrations of 79-bp dsRNA were 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 2.5 μM. (B, left set of lanes) In vitro activation of PKR by 24-bp dsRNA. Concentrations of 24-bp dsRNA were 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 μM. Any activation of PKR by 24-bp dsRNA was below the detection limit. (B, right set of lanes) Competition of PKR by 24-bp dsRNA. The concentration of 79-bp dsRNA in all lanes was 0.1 μM, and the concentrations of 24 bp were the same as in the left set of lanes. (C, left set of lanes) In vitro activity assay of PKR by 33-bp dsRNA. Concentrations of 33-bp dsRNA were 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 1.5 μM. (C, right set of lanes) Competition of PKR by 33-bp dsRNA. The concentration of 79-bp dsRNA in all lanes was 0.1 μM, and the concentrations of 33 bp were the same as in the left set of lanes, except that the 1.5-μM point was not present.