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. 2026 Oct 8;16(10):754. doi: 10.3390/metabo16100754
FAOSTAT Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
HPLC-DAD High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection
LC-MS Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
GC-FID Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography
GC Gas chromatography
SC–CO2 Supercritical carbon dioxide
SFE/SFE–CO2 Supercritical fluid extraction/supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide
DES Deep eutectic solvent
NADES Natural deep eutectic solvent
EAAE Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction
UAE Ultrasound-assisted extraction
MAE Microwave-assisted extraction
HPH High-pressure homogenization
PEF Pulsed electric field
LAB Lactic acid bacteria
CFU Colony-forming unit
DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
FRAP Ferric reducing antioxidant power
HPTP High-pressure-assisted thermal processing
PPO Polyphenol oxidase
HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c)
ABTS 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha
LUTS Lower urinary tract symptoms
GRANU German Research Activities on Natural Urologicals
BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia
ALT Alanine aminotransferase
AST Aspartate aminotransferase
iAUC Incremental area under the curve
HDL High-density lipoprotein
NAFLD Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
IPSS International Prostate Symptom Score
CI Confidence interval
SPF Sun protection factor