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. 2026 Sep 28;16(10):725. doi: 10.3390/metabo16100725
ACSM American College of Sports Medicine
AIC Akaike information criterion
BIC Bayesian information criterion
BMI Body mass index
CI Confidence interval
CLIA Chemiluminescent immunoassay
CON Control group
E1 Estrone
E2 Estradiol
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EXP Experimental group
Free E2 Free estradiol
GC–MS Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation
HRmax Maximum heart rate
HRR Heart rate reserve
IEMA Immunoenzymometric assay
I2 I-squared statistic
MD Mean difference
NR Not reported
PICO Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome
PICOS Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study Design
PI Prediction interval
PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
RCT Randomized controlled trial
REML Restricted maximum likelihood
RIA Radioimmunoassay
RoB 2 Risk of Bias 2
SD Standard deviation
SE Standard error
SHBG Sex-hormone-binding globulin
SMD Standardized mean difference
TFM Total fat mass
UHPLC–MS/MS Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
UPLC–MS/MS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
VO2max Maximal oxygen uptake
WC Waist circumference