| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| PTCD | percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage |
| ASGE | American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy |
| IDSA | Infectious Diseases Society of America |
| IQR | interquartile range |
| SMD | standardized mean difference |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| MDRO | multidrug-resistant organism |
| IRB | Institutional Review Board |