Skip to main content
. 2026 Oct 14;17(10):1189. doi: 10.3390/mi17101189
ASG Above-Surface Growth
BSG Below-Surface Growth
CLSM Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope
HSFL High-Spatial-Frequency Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures
LIPSS Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures
LO Scanning Line Overlap
LSFL Low-Spatial-Frequency Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures
MR (Sub-)Micrometric Ripple(s)
NA Numerical Aperture
PVA Preferential Valley Ablation
PO Laser Pulse Overlap
SEM Scanning Electron Microscope/Scanning Electron Microscopy
USPL Ultrashort-Pulse Laser
VLS Vapor–Liquid–Solid