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. 2026 Oct 14;18(20):3368. doi: 10.3390/nu18203368
ASMI Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index
5STS Five-Times Sit-To-Stand Test
AWGS Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia
EWGSOP European Working Group on Sarcopenia
IG Intervention Group
CG Control Group
OG Original Cheese Group
GG Golden Cheese Group
SARC-F Sarcopenia Risk Screening Tool
DXA Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry
WP+VD+VE Whey Protein + Vitamin D + Vitamin E
ω-3+Leu+PS23 ω-3 fatty acids + Leucine + Lactobacillus paracasei PS23
WP+VD+Leu Whey Protein + Vitamin D + Leucine
WP Whey Protein
Leu Leucine
VD Vitamin D
P+Ca Protein + Calcium
P+Ca+CaP Protein + Calcium + Calcium-containing Phosphates
WP+Leu Whey Protein + Leucine
WP+Leu+LCT whey protein + leucine + long-chain lipid formulation containing n-3 PUFA
Leu+VD+MCT Leucine + Vitamin D + Medium-chain Triglycerides
Leu+VD+LCT Leucine + Vitamin D + Long-chain Triglycerides
HMB+ARG+LYS β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate + Arginine + Lysine
Ca+HMB Calcium + β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate
P Protein
WP+CaHMB Whey Protein + Calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate