| BACTEC | Bacterial detection |
| BD | Becton, Dickinson and company |
| CCI | Charlson Comorbidity Index |
| CLSI | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases |
| CRE | Carbapenem-resistance Enterobacterales |
| CTX-M | Cefotaximase-Munich |
| CUP | Chaperone-usher pathway |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| dNTPs | Deoxyribonucleotide Triphosphates |
| E. coli | Escherichia coli |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid |
| ESBL | Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase |
| ExPEC | Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli |
| HAIs | Healthcare-associated infections |
| ICU | Intensive Care Unit |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| ITD | Institute of Tropical Disease |
| LOS | Length of stay |
| NMIC | Negative Microbial Identification Card |
| OXA | Oxacillinase |
| PBS | Pitt bacteremia score |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| RPA | Recombinase Polymerase Amplification |
| SHV | Sulfhydryl variable |
| SOFA | Sequential organ failure assessment |
| SSTI | Skin and soft-tissue infection |
| TEM | Temoniera |
| TSB | Tryptic soy broth |
| UPEC | Uropathogenic Escherichia coli |
| UTI | Urinary-tract infection |
| VF | Virulence factor |