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. 2026 Oct 9;26(20):6373. doi: 10.3390/s26206373
RUL Remaining Useful Life
MIG-HI Mechanism-Informed Gated Health Indicator
CETI Causal Evidence-Driven Transition Identification
SCDB-LSTM Stage-Conditioned Dual-Branch Long Short-Term Memory Network
FPT First Prediction Time
HI Health Indicator
MAE Mean Absolute Error
RMSE Root Mean Square Error
LSTM Long Short-Term Memory
MAD Median Absolute Deviation
BPFO Ball-Pass Frequency of the Outer Race
BPFI Ball-Pass Frequency of the Inner Race
BSF Ball Spin Frequency
FTF Fundamental Train Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
PCA Principal Component Analysis
CPU Central Processing Unit
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
EWMA Exponentially Weighted Moving Average
RMS-HI Root-Mean-Square-Based Health Indicator
PCA-HI Principal-Component-Analysis-Based Health Indicator
GRU Gated Recurrent Unit
TCN Temporal Convolutional Network
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
MSE Mean Squared Error