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. 2026 Oct 14;16:1942820. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1942820

Figure 7.

Multi-panel scientific figure containing various data visualizations, including scatter plots, bar charts, heatmaps, Venn diagrams, dendrograms, western blot images with associated bar graphs, and principal component analysis plots. Charts highlight gene expression, module-trait correlations, gene enrichments, protein quantification, and metabolite analysis. Each panel is labeled with a letter for reference.

Ompenaclid suppressed glycolysis in C4-2B cells, which was associated with downregulation of SLC6A8, HK2, PFKP, and ALDH1B1. (a) Volcano plot depicted DEGs. (b) The soft-thresholding power (β) was optimized for scale-free network topology. (c) Connectivity distribution at β = 10 demonstrated adequate network sparsity while preserving sufficient node connectivity. (d) Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the co-expression network partitioned the transcriptome into nine discrete modules. (e) Heatmap of Pearson correlations between module eigengenes and experimental conditions was generated. The turquoise module eigengene was robustly associated with Ompenaclid exposure (r = 0.87, P = 0.00106), whereas the blue module eigengene displayed an inverse relationship with drug treatment (r = −0.87, P = 0.00106) and was thus tightly coupled to the control phenotype. (f) Venn diagram illustrated the overlap between upregulated DEGs in the Ompenaclid-treated group and genes assigned to the WGCNA turquoise module, identifying 1,072 convergent upregulated genes. (g) Venn diagram showing the intersection of DEGs in the Ompenaclid group and WGCNA blue module genes, yielding 638 overlapping downregulated genes. (h–k) GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of 1,072 overlapping upregulated genes. (h) BP enrichment. (i) CC enrichment. (j) MF enrichment. (k) KEGG pathway enrichment. (l–o) GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of 638 overlapping downregulated genes. (l) Biological process enrichment. (m) Cellular component enrichment. (n) Molecular function enrichment. (o) KEGG pathway enrichment, with HK2, PFKP, and ALDH1B1 enriched in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. (p) Western blot analysis showing dose-dependent downregulation of SLC6A8, HK2, PFKP, and ALDH1B1 protein expression by Ompenaclid in C4-2B cells, with 450 μM exerting the optimal inhibitory effect. (q) Quantification of Western blot results. (r) PCA score plot (s) PLS-DA score plot. (t) OPLS-DA score plot. (u) Volcano plot of differential metabolites. (v) Bidirectional bar chart showing top 11 upregulated and top 11 downregulated metabolites in Ompenaclid-treated C4-2B cells. (w) Results of MSEA enrichment analysis.