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. 2026 Oct 14;14:1987212. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1987212

Table 2.

Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis of factors associated with moderate/high treatment burden.

Variable B S.E Wald p OR (95%CI)
Gender (reference: male)
Female −0.254 0.243 1.101 0.294 0.775 (0.482,1.247)
Age (reference:<70 years)
70–79 0.279 0.188 2.212 0.137 1.322 (0.915,1.911)
≥80 0.684 0.463 2.182 0.140 1.981 (0.800,4.907)
Education (reference: primary school or below)
Junior high school or above −0.407 0.198 4.204 0.040 0.666 (0.451,0.982)
Number of chronic conditions (reference: 2)
3 0.645 0.215 8.994 0.003 1.906 (1.250,2.905)
≥4 −0.025 0.294 0.007 0.931 0.975 (0.548,1.734)
Enrollment in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents (reference: yes)
No 0.499 0.346 2.080 0.149 1.647 (0.836,3.244)
Household registered as living in poverty (reference: yes)
No 0.626 0.466 1.805 0.179 1.871 (0.750,4.665)
Current smoking status (reference: yes)
No 0.580 0.290 4.002 0.045 1.786 (1.012,3.154)
Current alcohol consumption (reference: yes)
No −0.121 0.299 0.163 0.687 0.886 (0.493,1.593)
Frequency of physical exercise (reference: never)
1–2 times/week −0.625 0.298 4.394 0.036 0.535 (0.298,0.960)
3–5 times/week −0.599 0.286 4.382 0.036 0.549 (0.313,0.963)
≥5 times/week −0.248 0.239 1.079 0.299 0.780 (0.488,1.246)
Sleep duration (reference: <6 h)
6–8 h 0.187 0.199 0.880 0.348 1.205 (0.816,1.781)
≥8 h −0.437 0.263 2.752 0.097 0.646 (0.385,1.083)
Annual household income (yuan) (reference: <10,000)
<30,000 −3.517 0.633 30.886 p < 0.001 0.030 (0.009,0.103)
≥30,000 −3.552 0.628 31.993 p < 0.001 0.029 (0.008,0.098)
Annual household healthcare expenditure (yuan) (reference: <10,000)
≥10,000 3.669 0.617 35.34 p < 0.001 39.200 (11.694,131.396)
EQ VAS score (reference: <80)
≥80 −0.244 0.186 1.708 0.191 0.784 (0.544,1.129)
Health utility index value −1.149 0.562 4.190 0.041 0.317 (0.105,0.952)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error; EQ VAS, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale.