Therapy context	Main neurologic pattern	Operational implication	Key included evidence
Anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy	Classical early ICANS: encephalopathy, aphasia, seizure concern, EEG slowing	Structured inpatient monitoring remains central; low threshold for early EEG when exam fluctuates.	Consensus grading, EEG studies, pediatric neurotoxicity cohorts, CNS lymphoma meta-analysis, and product-specific safety context (1, 8–10, 21–26)
CD3-engaging bispecific antibodies	Usually lower-grade neurotoxicity than CAR T, but recurrent exposure and step-up dosing create repeated risk windows.	Safe use depends on observation systems, explicit escalation pathways, and—where adopted—mitigation strategies such as prophylactic tocilizumab.	Meta-analyses, outpatient roadmap, prophylaxis cohort, and real-world teclistamab studies (4–6, 13–16, 27)
BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy	Early ICANS plus delayed movement/neurocognitive syndromes, including Parkinsonism-like presentations	Extend surveillance beyond initial recovery; specifically ask about gait, bradykinesia, executive decline, and late confusion.	CARTITUDE movement/neurocognitive reports, delayed case literature, rescue reports, and ide-cel toxicity analyses (12, 17–20)