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. 2026 Oct 15;17:1900785. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1900785

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Copyright © 2026 Jiwen Zhang, Lo, Lok and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Line graph titled “Changes in Well-being” comparing caregivers and parents over four time points. Caregivers’ well-being increases steadily from 13.03 at T0 to 16.24 at T3. Parents’ well-being rises from 12.55 at T0 to 14.83 at T2, then drops to 11.85 at T3. — Changes in physical distress. Caregivers showed significant changes from T1 to T2. Parents showed significant changes from T1 to T3.