Extended Data Table 2.

Root mass distribution mean and standard deviation at 5, 10 and 20 cm depth, with n (sample size) = 4

Root samples were collected after the experimental wave runs at locations where the soil was undisturbed by placing bulk density rings (6 cm diameter and 4.05 cm depth), with the midpoint at the chosen depth. The rings with material were carefully dug out, roots were gently rinsed and dried in an oven at 60 °C for 48 h, before weighing to obtain dry root mass (g) at each depth interval. Subsequently, root density was calculated.