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. 2026 Oct 15;17:1898587. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1898587

Figure 4.

Composite scientific figure with grouped bar graphs comparing specific IgA and IgY antibody responses against Salmonella antigens in birds at DPC4 and DPC10. Panels show data for different indicated sample types and antigens, annotated with statistical significance indicators and a key defining 8-13 birds per group, including controls, vaccinated, and probiotic-treated groups. Error bars represent variability among subjects.

OMP and FLA specific antibody responses in: (A) Cloacal swab, small intestinal wash and bile samples at DPC4; and (B) Cloacal swab, small intestinal wash and bile samples at DPC10. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of 8–12 birds per group. The P-values between groups were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons post-hoc test. Only significant comparisons are indicated in the figures.