Table 2.
Technology scope of the included systematic reviews.
| Review | Technology category | Scope / examples when explicitly specified |
|---|---|---|
| Luo et al. (2023) (23) | Mixed RAGT systems | Not restricted to a single device family; pooled different robot-assisted gait-training platforms. |
| Gao et al. (2026) (35) | Multiple RAGT modalities | Network meta-analysis of different robot-assisted gait-training interventions; heterogeneous platforms. |
| Guo et al. (2013) (17) | Mixed lower-limb rehabilitation robots | Not restricted to a single robotic platform. |
| Li et al. (2018) (18) | Mixed lower-limb rehabilitation robots | Early rehabilitation; not restricted to one device family. |
| Chang et al. (2024) (29) | Exoskeleton-specific | Rehabilitation exoskeleton robots. |
| Peng et al. (2025) (34) | Exoskeleton-specific | Lower-limb exoskeleton robots. |
| Guo et al. (2025) (33) | Mixed lower-limb rehabilitation robots | Not restricted to a single robotic platform. |
| Yang et al. (2018) (19) | Mixed lower-limb rehabilitation robots | Not restricted to a single robotic platform. |
| Chen et al. (2024) (24) | Mixed RAGT systems | Multiple robot-assisted gait-training systems; not restricted to one device family. |
| Hao et al. (2025) (30) | Exoskeleton + end-effector | Both major lower-limb robot categories were included; device-type subgrouping was limited by available data. |
| Hu et al. (2024) (25) | Exoskeleton + end-effector | Examples included Lokomat, BEAR-H1 and HAL (exoskeletons) and Gait Trainer, Gait Master and Morning Walk (end-effectors). |
| Lee et al. (2024) (26) | Overground exoskeleton | Overground robotic-exoskeleton gait training. |
| Liang et al. (2024) (27) | Mixed RAGT systems | Robot-assisted gait-training platforms; not restricted to a single device family. |
| Liu et al. (2025) (31) | Flexible/soft exoskeleton | Flexible exoskeleton-assisted lower-limb training. |
| Moucheboeuf et al. (2020) (21) | Exoskeleton + end-effector | Examples included Lokomat, Ekso, HAL and H2 (exoskeletons) and GT Trainer (end-effector). |
| Wang et al. (2025) (32) | Exoskeleton + end-effector | Included both categories and reported subgroup analyses by robot type. |
| Wu et al. (2023) (22) | Lokomat exoskeleton | Lokomat robotic-orthosis system. |
| Zheng et al. (2019)(20) | Mixed robot-assisted therapy | Balance-focused review; not restricted to one robotic platform. |
| Yang et al. (2024) (28) | Robotic exoskeleton | Exoskeleton-specific review of lower-limb function, activity, and participation. |
The classification reflects each review’s stated intervention scope. “Mixed” indicates that the review was not restricted to a single device family. The table is intended to make technological heterogeneity explicit and does not imply equivalence among device types.