Table 7.

Effect size of robot-assisted therapy on FAC in patients with stroke.

Literature	Effect Size	95% CI	p-value	Statistical significance
Gao et al. (2026) (35)	0.44a	(0.02,0.87)	0.04	Significant
Chang et al. (2024) (29)	0.30 a	(−0.01,0.61)	0.06	Non-significant
Guo et al. (2025) (33)	0.65a	(0.50,0.81)	<0.001	Significant
Yang et al. (2018) (19)	0.90a	(0.46,1.34)	<0.001	Significant
Chen et al. (2024) (24)	0.32b	(0.01,0.63)	0.04	Significant
Hao et al. (2025) (30)	0.81a	(0.48,1.13)	<0.001	Significant
Hu et al. (2024) (25)	0.44a	(0.23,0.65)	<0.001	Significant
Lee et al. (2024) (26)	0.18a	(−0.01,0.37)	0.07	Non-significant
Liang et al. (2024) (27)	0.32b	(0.10,0.55)	0.005	Significant
Liu et al. (2025) (31)	0.13a	(−0.25,0.51)	0.50	Non-significant
Moucheboeuf et al. (2020) (21)	0.51a	(0.07,0.95)	0.022	Significant
Wu et al. (2023) (22)	0.28a	(0.11,0.45)	0.001	Significant
Yang et al. (2024) (28)	0.25a	(0.02,0.48)	0.03	Significant

^aMean difference, ^bstandardized mean difference. FAC, Functional Ambulation Category.