Table 3.
Patients with recurrence spinal epidural hematoma.
| Reference N | Author/year | Age(y)/sex | Procedure | Location | IT to the 1st OP/procedure | IT to the 2st OP/procedure | IT to the 3rd OP/procedure | IT to the 4th OP/procedure | IT to the 5th OP/procedure | Symptom | Primary cause | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Liao/2009 (25) | 8/F | evacuation of SSEH | C3–T8 | 6 years/evacuation of C2-C4 | incomplete tetraplegia (ASIA Grade C) | vascular malformation | ICR | ||||
| 41/M | evacuation of SSEH | L1-5 | 48 h/ESD | bach pain and weakness in both legs | Child Class C cirrhosis and preoperative coagulopathy | ICR | ||||||
| 53/M | evacuation of SSEH | T4–L3 | 15 h/ESD | complete paraplegia | ESRD | ICR | ||||||
| 2 | Lim/2011 (26) | 57/M | hemilaminectomy and hematoma evacuation | T11-L3 | 1 day/total laminectomy(T11-L4) and ESD | low back pain and weakness of the left lower limb | clopidogrel and aspirin | ICR | ||||
| 3 | Hernandez D/1982 (27) | 67/M | anterior corpectomy and fusion | C6-7 | 20 days/posterior decompressive laminectomy | 17 days/conservative | acute motor deficit | Dual antiplatelet therapy | ICR | |||
| 4 | Anno/2015 (28) | 71/M | posterior decompression | C4-5 | 6 h/ ESD | 2 h/ ESD | tetraplegia | Protein S Deficiency | CR | |||
| 5 | Luo/2016 (16) | 34/M | posterior laminectomy and hematoma evacuation | L3-4 | 8 days/NPWT | leg numbness and weakness | hemophilia A | CR | ||||
| 6 | Kenneth C/2017 (29) | 72/F | posterior decompression | L2-4 | 2 days/ ESD | 1 h/NPDT | back pain and leg pain and leg paraplegia | Dual antiplatelet therapy | ICR | |||
| 72/F | posterior fusion | C2-T1 | 8 days/ ESD | 2 days/NPDT | weakness and sensory deficit in the bilateral upper extremities | a baseline coagulopathy secondary to cirrhosis | ICR | |||||
| 81/M | posterior fusion | C3-4 | 17 days/ ESD | anesthesia recovery/NPDT | severe neck pain and tetraplegia | pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis | ICR | |||||
| 7 | Mohammed M/2019 (30) | 24/M | posterior decompression | L3-4 | 3 days/ evacuation | 2 days/ evacuation | 28 days/ evacuation | 1 day/ evacuation | 1day/ evacuation | weakness in both legs and incontinence | Glanzmann thrombasthenia | CR |
M, male; F, female; OP, operation; IT, interval time; ESD, evacuation and suction drain; NPDT, negative-pressure dressing therapy; NPWT, negative-pressure wound therapy; CR, complete recovery; ICR, incomplete recovery; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; SSEH, spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma.