Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure according to HACOR score
| Overall(N = 2774) | Low (N = 1324) | High (N = 1450) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68(57, 79) | 67(56, 78) | 68(57, 79) | 0.388 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 1169(42,1%) | 556(42.0%) | 613(42.3%) | 0.908 | |
| Male | 1605(57.9%) | 768(58.0%) | 837(57.7%) | ||
| Race | |||||
| White | 1695(61.1%) | 782(59.1%) | 913(63.0%) | 0.097 | |
| Black | 276(9.9%) | 128(9.7%) | 148(10.2%) | ||
| Asian | 93(3.4%) | 47(3.5%) | 46(3.2%) | ||
| Other | 187(6.7%) | 103(7.8%) | 84(5.8%) | ||
| Unknown | 523(18.9%) | 264(20.0%) | 259(17.9%) | ||
| Severity of the disease | |||||
| SOFA | 8(5, 11) | 6(4, 9) | 9(6, 12) | < 0.001 | |
| CCI | 5(3, 8) | 5(3, 8) | 6(4, 8) | 0.170 | |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||||
| Myocardial infarct | 587(21.2%) | 267(20.2%) | 320(22.1%) | 0.220 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 1001(36.1%) | 488(36.9%) | 513(35.4%) | 0.418 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 540(19.5%) | 298(22.5%) | 242(16.7%) | < 0.001 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 684(24.7%) | 324(24.5%) | 360(24.8%) | 0.828 | |
| Renal disease | 773(27.9%) | 348(26.3%) | 385(26.6%) | 0.873 | |
| Severe liver disease | 301(10.9%) | 132(10.0%) | 169(11.7%) | 0.154 | |
| Diabetes | 901(32.5%) | 439(33.2%) | 462(31.9%) | 0.467 | |
| Malignant cancer | 397(14.3%) | 176(13.3%) | 221(15.2%) | 0.143 | |
| Vital signs | |||||
| HR (beats/min) | 88.3(76.3, 101.4) | 85.9(75.2, 98.0) | 90.5(77.5, 104.2) | < 0.001 | |
| MBP (mmHg) | 75.4(70.0, 82.2) | 76.1(71.0, 83.0) | 74.6(69.4, 81.4) | < 0.001 | |
| RR (breaths/min) | 20.6(18.0, 23.9) | 19.7(17.4, 22.6) | 21.6(18.8, 25.1) | < 0.001 | |
| SpO2 (%) | 97.3(95.7, 98.6) | 97.8(96.4, 98.9) | 96.6(95.0, 98.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| WBC (K/uL) | 12.7(9.1, 17.5) | 12.4(9.01, 16.7) | 13.2(9.09, 18.3) | 0.009 | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.0(2.6, 3.5) | 3.1(2.6, 3.5) | 3.0(2.5, 3.5) | 0.002 | |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.2(3.8, 4.6) | 4.1(3.8, 4.6) | 4.2(3.9, 4.7) | 0.005 | |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 139(136, 142) | 139(136, 142) | 139(135, 141) | < 0.001 | |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.2(7.7, 8.7) | 8.2(7.8, 8.7) | 8.1(7.6, 8.7) | 0.029 | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 139(114, 178) | 138(115, 174) | 140(114, 183) | 0.262 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.3(0.9, 2.2) | 1.2(0.8, 1.9) | 1.4(0.9, 2.3) | < 0.001 | |
| AST (IU/L) | 52(28, 141) | 47(27, 102) | 57(30, 188) | < 0.001 | |
| ALT (IU/L) | 34(18, 85) | 32(18, 71) | 36(19, 107) | < 0.001 | |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.7(0.4,1.6) | 0.7(0.4, 1.3) | 0.8(0.5, 1.8) | < 0.001 | |
| INR | 1.4(1.2, 1.7) | 1.3(1.2, 1.6) | 1.4(1.2, 1.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Arterial blood gas | |||||
| PH | 7.36(7.28, 7.41) | 7.38(7.33, 7.42) | 7.32(7.24, 7.40) | < 0.001 | |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 39(35, 43) | 39(36, 42) | 39(35, 43) | 0.21 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 170(115, 229) | 216(174, 254) | 122(82, 171) | < 0.001 | |
| Ventilation status | |||||
| HFNC | 108(3.9%) | 39(2.9%) | 69(4.8%) | 0.014 | |
| Invasive Vent | 1861(67.1%) | 948(71.6%) | 913(63.0%) | < 0.001 | |
| Non-Invasive Vent | 23(0.8%) | 13(1.0%) | 10(0.7%) | 0.41 | |
| Supplemental Oxygen | 782(28.2%) | 324(24.5%) | 458(31.6%) | < 0.001 | |
| Outcomes | |||||
| 28-day mortality | 928(33.5%) | 373(28.2%) | 555(38.3%) | < 0.001 | |
| 90-day mortality | 1142(41.2%) | 473(35.7%) | 669(46.1%) | < 0.001 | |
| 1-year mortality | 1347(48.6%) | 586(44.3%) | 761(52.5%) | < 0.001 | |
| Length of hospital stay (d) | 12.1(6.8, 21.2) | 12.4(7.1, 21.4) | 12.0(6.6, 20.6) | 0.061 | |
| Length of ICU stay (d) | 5.6(2.9, 10.5) | 5.2(2.9, 10.6) | 5.8(3.0, 10.5) | 0.499 | |
P‑values are for comparisons between the low HACOR (< 6) and high HACOR (≥ 6) groups