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. 2026 Aug 8;27:955. doi: 10.1186/s12891-026-10343-9

Table 1.

Arnold–Hilgartner stage for each joint on radiographs at the first visit to our institute

Right Left
Elbow 0 87 84
I 1 0
II 5 4
III 6 5
IV 2 5
V 1 0
Knee 0 93 91
I 1 1
II 3 2
III 2 3
IV 0 1
V 2 1
Ankle 0 66 69
I 5 6
II 5 7
III 12 11
IV 3 0
V 1 1

Details of the Arnold–Hilgartner stage of each joint on available radiographs at the first visit to our institute in 109 patients analyzed. Arnold–Hilgartner stage I or higher was observed at the first visit in 15% of elbows (29 of 200), 8% of knees (16 of 200), and 27% of ankles (51 of 186)