Table 5.
Comparison of baseline characteristics between patients with healed and unhealed diabetic foot ulcers
| Healed group | Unhealed group | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 66) | (n = 25) | ||
| Post-Discharge Follow-up intervention | 0.060 | ||
| Control group | 29 (43.94%) | 17 (68.00%) | |
| Intervention group | 37 (56.06%) | 8 (32.00%) | |
| Age (year) | 66.45 ± 10.99 | 67.88 ± 11.39 | 0.586 |
| Male (%) | 44 (66.67%) | 18 (72.00%) | 0.802 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.95 ± 8.33 | 14.00 ± 8.78 | 0.327 |
| DFU duration (weeks) | 4.00 (2.00-8.50) | 8.00 (2.50–14.00) | 0.073 |
| History of smoking (%) | 25 (37.88%) | 9 (36.00%) | 1.000 |
| History of alcohol consumption (%) | 9 (13.63%) | 5 (20.00%) | 0.519 |
| Baseline HbA1c (%) | 8.94 ± 2.38 | 9.25 ± 1.94 | 0.556 |
| Baseline FBG (mmol/L) | 11.09 ± 5.05 | 10.28 ± 5.03 | 0.496 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.96 ± 3.79 | 24.18 ± 3.56 | 0.797 |
| Baseline ABI | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 0.83 ± 0.23 | 0.007 |
| ABI < 0.9, n (%) | 21 (31.82%) | 15 (60.00%) | 0.018 |
| History of lower extremity revascularization, n (%) | 17 (25.76%) | 10 (40.00%) | 0.206 |
| Type of DFU | <0.001 | ||
| Wagner grade 4 | 61 (92.42%) | 12 (48.00%) | |
| Wagner grade 5 | 5 (7.58%) | 13 (52.00%) | |
| Ulcer location | <0.001 | ||
| Fore-foot, n (%) | 53 (80.30%) | 7 (28.00%) | |
| Mid-foot/ Hind-foot/ Ankle/ Whole-foot, n (%) | 13 (19.70%) | 18 (72.00%) | |
| Marital status | 0.226 | ||
| Single | 3 (4.55%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Married | 49 (74.24%) | 16 (64.00%) | |
| Divorced/widowed | 14 (21.21%) | 9 (36.00%) | |
| Living arrangement | 0.421 | ||
| Living alone | 15 (22.73%) | 8 (32.00%) | |
| Living with caregivers | 51 (77.27%) | 17 (68.00%) | |
| Education | 0.025 | ||
| Primary or below | 16 (24.24%) | 9 (36.00%) | |
| Secondary or below | 19 (28.79%) | 12 (48.00%) | |
| University or below | 31 (46.97%) | 4 (16.00%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 39 (59.09%) | 16 (64.00%) | 0.269 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 22 (33.33%) | 11 (44.00%) | 0.464 |
| Stroke | 25 (37.88%) | 14 (56.00%) | 0.156 |
| Heart Failure | 13 (19.70%) | 8 (32.00%) | 0.267 |
| CKD Requiring RRT | 4 (6.06%) | 10 (40.00%) | <0.001 |
| Complication | |||
| Diabetic Retinopathy | 26 (39.39%) | 12 (48.00%) | 0.484 |
| Diabetic Nephropathy | 45 (68.18%) | 20 (80.00%) | 0.310 |
| Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy | 57 (86.36%) | 23 (92.00%) | 0.721 |
| Peripheral Artery Disease | 40 (60.61%) | 23 (92.00%) | 0.004 |
Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or number (percentage)
Abbreviations: DFU, Diabetic foot ulcer; HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin; FBG, Fasting blood glucose; BMI, Body mass index; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; RRT, Renal replacement therapy