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. 2026 Oct 23;8:1932062. doi: 10.3389/ftox.2026.1932062

FIGURE 2.

Two-panel line graph comparing cell viability percentages versus concentration in micromolar for different treatments with error bars. Panel A shows larger decreases in cell viability at higher concentrations compared to panel B. Color-coded lines represent cyphenothrin AI, encapsulated Bombex Farumy, released Bombex Farumy, and controls. Untreated control remains near 100 percent viability, while other treatments decline with increasing concentration, most steeply for cyphenothrin AI in panel A.

Cytotoxic effects of cyphenothrin and its formulation on HL60 (A) and HepG2 (B) cells. The graph shows cell viability (%) following 1‐h exposure to various concentrations (HL60: 0.1–1,000 M; HepG2: 0.1–4,000 M) of cyphenothrin active ingredient and its encapsulated formulation Bombex Farumy in original and released form. Error bars represent standard error of the mean of three independent experiments (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test vs. untreated control). Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared to untreated control (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001); exact values are presented in Supplementary Table S1.