Figure 2.

Closure of the left thoracic cavity due to chronic Aspergillus-associated pleural empyema after left pneumonectomy. (A) Chest X-ray of a patient with a bronchopleural fistula following left pneumonectomy. (B) Left intrapleural Aspergillus vegetations. (C) Closure of the thoracic cavity with muscle flaps after prolonged VAC therapy. VAC, vacuum-assisted closure.