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. 2026 Oct 26;18(10):1155. doi: 10.21037/jtd-2026-2044

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Closure of the left thoracic cavity due to chronic Aspergillus-associated pleural empyema after left pneumonectomy. (A) Chest X-ray of a patient with a bronchopleural fistula following left pneumonectomy. (B) Left intrapleural Aspergillus vegetations. (C) Closure of the thoracic cavity with muscle flaps after prolonged VAC therapy. VAC, vacuum-assisted closure.