Table 1.
List of selected genes altered in the expression by aging
| Gene | FC, age | %CR effect | P value | pp |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose/carbohydrate/energy metabolism | ||||
| Creatine kinase, brain | 1.7 | 86 | 0.0016 | 0.81 |
| Homologous to human glucan (1,4-alpha-), branching enzyme 1 | 1.6 | 8 | 0.0427 | 0.64 |
| Phosphofructokinase, liver, B-type | 1.5 | 105 | 0.0005 | 0.85 |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 | −8.5 | 139 | 0.0020 | 0.80 |
| Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase 2 | −5.0 | 22 | 0.0013 | 0.82 |
| Uncoupling protein 3, mitochondrial | −2.6 | 146 | 0.0038 | 0.77 |
| Fatty acid metabolism | ||||
| Fatty acid transport into cytosol and mitochondrial matrix | ||||
| Solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1 | −2.0 | 25 | 0.0055 | 0.76 |
| CD36 antigen | −1.8 | −14 | 0.0363 | 0.65 |
| Carnitine O-palmitoyl transferase I, mitochondrial liver isoform | −3.3 | 46 | 0.0004 | 0.86 |
| Carnitine acetyltransferase | −1.6 | −15 | 0.0211 | 0.68 |
| Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase | −1.5 | 73 | 0.0011 | 0.82 |
| Mitochondrial β-oxidation | ||||
| Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, cytosolic | −5.1 | 71 | 0.0007 | 0.84 |
| Lipase, hormone sensitive | −4.6 | 89 | 0.0073 | 0.74 |
| Acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl | −1.8 | 38 | 0.0213 | 0.68 |
| Carboxylesterase 3 | −1.6 | 182 | 0.0154 | 0.70 |
| Peroxisomal delta3, delta2-enoyl-coenzyme A isomerase | −1.6 | 174 | 0.0054 | 0.76 |
| Enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1, peroxisomal | −1.5 | 13 | 0.0486 | 0.63 |
| Dodecenoyl-coenzyme A delta isomerase | −1.5 | 26 | 0.0164 | 0.70 |
| Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase | 4.5 | 32 | 0.0103 | 0.72 |
| Neurodegeneration | ||||
| Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 | 6.3 | 74 | 0.0051 | 0.76 |
| Synuclein, alpha | 6.0 | −80 | 0.0046 | 0.76 |
| Protein synthesis, modification, and turnover | ||||
| Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 3, structural gene Y-linked | −2.2 | −10 | 0.0030 | 0.78 |
| Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 | −1.7 | 19 | 0.0002 | 0.88 |
| Homologous to human eIF4B | −1.6 | 10 | 0.0122 | 0.71 |
| Proteasome (prosome, macropain) 28, subunit 3 | 2.7 | 129 | 0.0262 | 0.67 |
| Peptidylprolyl isomerase C | 2.4 | 7 | 0.0062 | 0.75 |
| Ubiquitin specific protease 23 | 1.6 | 210 | 0.0085 | 0.73 |
| Ubiquitin-like I (sentrin) activating enzyme EIA | 1.5 | 115 | 0.0334 | 0.65 |
| Extracellular matrix proteins | ||||
| Procollagen, type XV | 3.4 | 134 | 0.0285 | 0.66 |
| Procollagen C-proteinase enhancer protein | 2.1 | 60 | 0.0315 | 0.66 |
| Type VI collagen alpha 3 subunit | 2.1 | 189 | 0.0134 | 0.71 |
| Collagen alpha 1 (IV) | 1.9 | 59 | 0.0007 | 0.84 |
| Hyaluronan synthase 1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.0388 | 0.64 |
| Serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade H, member 1 | 1.5 | 231 | 0.0048 | 0.76 |
| Structure, structural modulation, cell–cell interaction, and muscle contraction | ||||
| Smoothelin | 15.2 | 81 | 0.0275 | 0.67 |
| Claudin-5 | 8.1 | 71 | 0.0069 | 0.74 |
| Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type 1, beta polypeptide | 5.9 | 77 | 0.0064 | 0.75 |
| SWI/SNF related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily, member 1 | 4.2 | 23 | 0.0405 | 0.64 |
| Actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta | 2.2 | 28 | 0.0230 | 0.68 |
| Integrin alpha 6 | 1.9 | 93 | 0.0033 | 0.78 |
| SWI/SNF related, matrix-associated, actin-F171 dependent, regulator of chromatin, subfamily e, member 1 | 1.7 | 38 | 0.0209 | 0.68 |
| Gap junction membrane channel protein alpha 1 | 1.6 | 159 | 0.0073 | 0.74 |
| Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 | 1.6 | 162 | 0.0273 | 0.67 |
| Troponin T1, skeletal, slow | 1.6 | 21 | 0.0005 | 0.85 |
| Calponin 2 | 1.6 | 67 | 0.0223 | 0.68 |
| Ankyrin 1, erythroid | 1.5 | 63 | 0.0338 | 0.65 |
| Type 2 desmoglein | −3.3 | 14 | 0.0086 | 0.73 |
| NAD(P)+ arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase | −1.6 | 167 | 0.0209 | 0.68 |
| Gap junction membrane channel protein beta 5 | −1.6 | 12 | 0.0131 | 0.71 |
| Neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 | −1.6 | 28 | 0.0018 | 0.81 |
| Dynein, cytoplasmic, heavy chain 1 | −1.5 | 39 | 0.0069 | 0.74 |
This table lists the genes of selected classes that were significantly (P value < 0.05, FC ≥ 1.5) altered in expression with aging. The complete list of genes that were significantly changed by aging, including gene identifier numbers, can be found in the supporting information. %CR effect was computed as ((O − CR)/(O − Y)) × 100, where O, CR, and Y are the average intensities of the 30-month-old control, 30-month-old CR, and 5-month-old control groups, respectively.
*
Significantly different between CR and O groups.