Fig. 1.
(A) Labeling pathways for measuring DNA synthesis and thus cell proliferation. (B) Sites of 2H incorporation from 2H2O into C–H bonds of dR in replicating DNA. GNG, gluconeogenesis/glycolysis; PPP, pentose–phosphatase pathway; RR, ribonucleotide reductase; DNPS, de novo purine/pyrimidine synthesis pathway; DNNS, de novo nucleotide synthesis pathway.