Fig. 2.

Total annual recruitment of introduced (nonnative) species is positively correlated with mean water temperature during the preceding winter (Jan 1–March 31), whereas native species recruitment is negatively correlated with winter temperatures. Total recruitment data were log-transformed to meet assumptions of ANCOVA. ANCOVA results: temperature F = 0.94, P = 0.348; native status F = 11.99, P = 0.003; temperature⋅status F = 11.57, P = 0.004. Parameter estimates of linear curve fits: Nonnatives: slope = 0.28, P = 0.007, R² = 0.49, slope P = 0.007; natives: slope = −0.15, P = 0.108, R² = 0.32.