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Field-effect detection of a single base mismatch. Surface potentials from two sensors that were functionalized with probe oligonucleotides A and Am, which differ only in a single base. Control solutions with noncomplementary target oligonucleotide cB show no differential signal, whereas injection of 80 nM of complementary sequences cA and cAm both show a distinct hybridization signal. (a) Absolute surface potential. (b) Differential surface potential.
