Potential Caudal homeodomain binding sites in the Drosophila E2F promoter. The three potential Caudal homeodomain binding sites in Drosophila E2F gene promoter, named E2F-Cad1, E2F-Cad2 and E2F-Cad3, are shown. The reporter construct used in the transfection assay contains a more upstream region, up to –2184, and a downstream region, up to +217. Lower case letters indicate mutated bases in the Caudal sites with numbering relative to the transcription initiation site.