Figure 3.

Frequency distributions of STR mutational steps from the IMH of all haplotypes in three different groupings. In each case, a minority of non-R1b3 haplotypes was excluded as known outliers. Notably, the sample of subjects with surnames linked by genealogical tradition to the Uí Néill dynasty shows a significantly reduced pattern of divergence from this central haplotype when compared with the background normal distribution seen in the Irish population generally. The powerful legacy of the IMH ancestor on the population structure of the northwestern region is borne out by the disrupted distribution observed in this area. The Uí Néill surname samples were not genotyped for binary markers, since it became apparent during that general population survey that R1b3 chromosomes could be readily detected through STR profiles alone. The Uí Néill sample population was composed of the following surnames (sample number): (O’)Gallagher (12), (O’)Boyle (9), (O’)Doherty (5), O’Donnell (4), O’Connor (3), Cannon (3), Bradley (2), O’Reilly (2), Flynn (2), (Mc)Kee (2), Campbell (1), Devlin (1), Donnelly (1), Egan (1), Gormley (1), Hynes (1), McCaul (1), McGovern (1), McLoughlin (1), McManus (1), McMenamin (1), Molloy (1), O’Kane (1), O’Rourke (1), and Quinn (1).