Table 3.
Effects of APT, CBT and CT as compared with WL
| Dependent variable | WL mean ± SD | APT mean difference (95% CI)† | CBT mean difference (95% CI)† | CT mean difference (95% CI)† |
| RDQ†† | 13.88 ± 4.78 | -2.40 (-4.14 to -0.65)** | -3.05 (-4.80 to -1.30)** | -2.56 (-4.27 to -0.85)** |
| Main complaints†† | 74.25 ± 14.7 | -11.19 (-20.07 to -2.31)* | -16.36 (-25.13 to -7.60)** | -17.84 (-26.54 to -9.14)** |
| Current pain†† | 53.35 ± 22.6 | -8.68 (-16.87 to -0.48)* | -14.76 (-23.00 to -6.52)** | -8.23 (-16.37 to -0.10)* |
| PRI-T†† | 17.28 ± 10.48 | 0.90 (-2.94 to 4.74) | -2.04 (-5.91 to 1.83) | -0.33 (-4.14 to 3.48) |
| BDI | 9.42 ± 7.81 | -2.09 (-3.86 to -0.32)* | -1.65 (-3.42 to 0.12) | 0.04 (-1.71 to 1.79) |
| Global improvement†† | 3.78 ± 0.91 | 0.47 (-0.08 to 1.09) | 0.90 (0.36 to 1.44)** | 0.70 (0.17 to 1.24)* |
| Satisfaction$ | ||||
| 10th percentile of baseline RDQ (= 9) | 45.65 ± 25.30 | 32.38 (14.19 to 50.57)** | 18.34 (0.51 to 36.16)* | 19.33 (2.01 to 36.65)* |
| 50th percentile of baseline RDQ (= 14) | 46.67 ± 25.30 | 19.30 (6.74 to 31.88)** | 22.68 (10.10 to 35.27)** | 23.57 (11.28 to 35.86)** |
| 90th percentile of baseline RDQ (= 19) | 47.69 ± 25.30 | 6.23 (-12.04 to 24.50) | 27.03 (8.37 to 45.69)** | 27.81 (9.54 to 46.08)** |
| Walking (m)†† | 386.60 ± 86.62 | 27.85 (5.35 to 50.34)* | 12.82 (-9.75 to 35.40) | 35.65 (13.85 to 57.45)** |
| Inversion fast walking (1/sec) | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.005 (-0.002 to 0.012) | 0.009 (0.002 to 0.016)* | 0.008 (0.001 to 0.015)* |
| Inversion sit to stand (1/sec) | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.007 (0.001 to 0.013)* | 0.003 (-0.003 to 0.010) | 0.007 (0.001 to 0.014)* |
| Loaded forward reach (cm)†† | 59.07 ± 12.55 | 1.30 (-4.40 to 7.00) | 1.19 (-4.58 to 6.96) | 0.98 (-4.54 to 6.51) |
| Stair climbing (stairs) | 80.76 ± 24.80 | 7.83 (0.67 to 14.98)* | 3.58 (-3.53 to 10.69) | 9.25 (2.28 to 16.21)* |
| Lifting (stages)†† | 4.13 ± 2.56 | 0.96 (0.06 to 1.85)* | 0.48 (-0.41 to 1.37) | 0.68 (-0.16 to 1.52) |
† Values are the mean difference between this group and the WL. The WL score is the score at post-treatment.
The mean differences and confidence intervals (CIs) and corresponding p-values were estimated adjusting for age, gender, center of treatment, baseline score of outcome measure, duration of functional limitations.
†† Additional correction for relevant prognostic co-variates: RDQ – work status and TSK; Main complaints/Lifting – TSK; Current pain/PRI-T – work status; Global improvement/loaded forward reach – current pain; Walking – radiation and TSK.
$ Data presented for different strata for baseline RDQ, mean and SD for WL are estimated by use of regression model. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
APT = active physical treatment; CBT = cognitive-behavioural treatment; CT = combination treatment; WL = waiting list; RDQ = Roland Disability Questionnaire; PRI-T = Pain Rating Index Total score; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory.