Table 4.
Effects of APT and CBT as compared with CT
| Dependent variable | CT mean ± SD | APT mean difference (95% CI)† | CBT mean difference (95% CI)† |
| RDQ†† | 11.40 ± 5.25 | 0.16 (-1.52 to 1.85) | -0.49 (-2.17 to 1.19) |
| Main complaints†† | 54.68 ± 21.79 | 6.65 (-1.96 to 15.26) | 1.48 (-7.04 to 9.99) |
| Current pain†† | 42.31 ± 25.56 | -0.45 (-8.41 to 7.52) | -6.53 (-14.48 to 1.43) |
| PRI-T†† | 17.53 ± 10.53 | 1.23 (-2.51 to 4.97) | -1.71 (-5.45 to 2.03) |
| BDI | 9.07 ± 6.53 | -2.13 (-3.84 to -0.42)* | -1.69 (-3.41 to 0.03) |
| Global improvement†† | 4.53 ± 1.33 | -0.23 (-0.77 to 0.30) | 0.20 (-0.33 to 0.73) |
| Satisfaction$ | |||
| 10th percentile of baseline RDQ (= 9) | 64.98 ± 25.30 | 13.05 (-4.87 to 30.97) | -0.99 (-18.55 to 16.56) |
| 50th percentile of baseline RDQ (= 14) | 70.24 ± 25.30 | -4.26 (-16.51 to 7.98) | -0.89 (-13.16 to 11.28) |
| 90th percentile of baseline RDQ (= 19) | 75.50 ± 25.30 | -21.58 (-39.56 to -3.59)* | -0.78 (-19.11 to 17.55) |
| Walking (m)†† | 419.33 ± 66.44 | -7.80 (-29,60 to 13.99) | -22.83 (-44.72 to -0.93)* |
| Inversion fast walking (1/sec) | 0.11 ± 0.02 | -0.003 (-0.010 to 0.004) | 0.001 (-0.006 to 0.008) |
| Inversion sit to stand (1/sec) | 0.06 ± 0.02 | -0.001 (-0.007 to 0.005) | -0.004 (-0.010 to 0.002) |
| Loaded forward reach (cm)†† | 58.70 ± 12.80 | 0.32 (-5.19 to 5.19) | 0.21 (-5.30 to 5.71) |
| Stair climbing (stairs) | 84.50 ± 22.31 | -1.42 (-8.37 to 5.53) | -5.67 (-12.58 to 1.25) |
| Lifting (stages)†† | 4.87 ± 2.99 | 0.28 (-0.57 to 1.12) | -0.19 (-1.04 to 0.64) |
† Values are the mean difference between this group and the CT. The CT score is the score at post-treatment.
The mean differences and confidence intervals (CIs) and corresponding p-values were estimated adjusting for age, gender, center of treatment, baseline score of outcome measure, duration of functional limitations.
†† Additional correction for relevant prognostic co-variates: RDQ – work status and TSK; Main complaints/Lifting – TSK; Current pain/PRI-T – work status; Global improvement/loaded forward reach – current pain; Walking – radiation and TSK.
$ Data presented for different strata for baseline RDQ, mean/SD for CT estimated by use of regression model. * p < 0.05.
APT = active physical treatment; CBT = cognitive-behavioural treatment; CT = combination treatment. RDQ = Roland Disability Questionnaire; PRI-T = Pain Rating Index Total score; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory.