DC Nb clones homozygous for babo/dSmad2/punt exhibit drastic morphogenetic defects. Composite confocal images of DC Nb clones of various genotypes in mosaic adult brains. As compared with the wild-type clone (A), clones homozygous for a babo (B), dSmad2 (C), or punt (D) mutation display various anomalies, including arrest of most axons at the protocerebrum–optic lobe junction (big arrowheads), overextension of neurites from the ipsilateral lobular complex (small arrowheads), ectopic projections in the central brain (big arrows), and aberrant fasciculation of processes (open arrows). Genotype: (A) hs-FLP,FRTG13,tubP-GAL80/FRTG13,UAS-mCD8-GFP;ato-GAL4/+; (B) hs-FLP,FRTG13,tubP-GAL80/FRTG13,babo9,UAS-mCD8-GFP;ato-GAL4/+; (C) FRT19A,tubP-GAL80,hs-FLP/FRT19A,dSmad21,UAS-mCD8-GFP;ato-GAL4/+; (D) ato-GAL4,UAS-mCD8-GFP/hs-FLP,UAS-mCD8-GFP;FRT82B,punt[Δ61]/FRT82B,tubP-GAL80.