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. 2002 Jun;12(6):944–955. doi: 10.1101/gr.213402

Table 3.

Pooled Synonymous Codon Frequencies for 10862 Human RefSeqs Normalized by Pooled Totals

Amino acid Codon number


1 2 3 4 5 6






PHE 0.017 0.020
LEU 0.013 0.019 0.007 0.039 0.008 0.013
ILE 0.016 0.021 0.007
MET 0.022
VAL 0.011 0.014 0.007 0.028
SER 0.015 0.017 0.012 0.004 0.012 0.019
PRO 0.018 0.020 0.017 0.007
THR 0.013 0.019 0.015 0.006
ALA 0.019 0.028 0.016 0.007
TYR 0.012 0.015
HIS 0.011 0.015
GLN 0.012 0.034
ASN 0.018 0.020
LYS 0.025 0.033
ASP 0.023 0.026
GLU 0.030 0.040
CYS 0.010 0.012
TRP 0.012
ARG 0.005 0.010 0.006 0.011 0.012 0.011
GLY 0.011 0.023 0.017 0.016