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. 2002 Jun;12(6):944–955. doi: 10.1101/gr.213402

Table 5.

Ratio to Maximum and Rank Ordering of Rare Codons Computed from Pooled Synonymous Codon Frequencies for 10,862 Human RefSeqs

Amino acid Codon number


1 2 3 4 5 6






PHE 0.869 1.000
LEU 0.332 (8) 0.481 (14) 0.181 (1) 1.000 0.196 (2) 0.327 (6)
ILE 0.770 1.000 0.342 (9)
MET 1.000
VAL 0.392 (12) 0.509 0.254 (4) 1.000
SER 0.771 0.896 0.621 0.233 (3) 0.642 1.000
PRO 0.897 1.000 0.866 0.352 (10)
THR 0.700 1.000 0.802 0.331 (7)
ALA 0.667 1.000 0.576 0.261 (5)
TYR 0.802 1.000
HIS 0.727 1.000
GLN 0.361 (11) 1.000
ASN 0.894 1.000
LYS 0.761 1.000
ASP 0.890 1.000
GLU 0.757 1.000
CYS 0.838 1.000
TRP 1.000
ARG 0.404 (13) 0.904 0.548 0.990 1.000 0.966
GLY 0.485 (15) 1.000 0.744 0.712