Table 2.
Characteristics and Costs of Patients with Normal Fasting Glucose, by Progression Status
| Stayed Below 100mg/dl |
Progressed To Stage 1 (100 - 109 mg/dl) |
Progressed To Stage 2 (110 - 125 mg/dl) |
Progressed To Diabetes (> 125mg/dl) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Subjects | 23,621 | 1,741 | 462 | 485 |
| Age in Years1,2,3,4 | 57.5 (11.5) | 60.2 (9.4) | 60.7 (9.3) | 57.0 (9.8) |
| Percent Female1,2,5 | 47.9% | 33.3% | 34.9% | 39.0% |
| History of Smoking3,5 | 18.2% | 18.7% | 18.0% | 25.0% |
| Baseline Comorbidities: | ||||
| History of MI1,2,5 | 2.2% | 6.2% | 7.1% | 6.0% |
| History of Stroke | 2.3% | 2.0% | 1.5% | 3.9% |
| ASCVD1,2,5 | 5.8% | 14.0% | 16.5% | 14.4% |
| CHF5 | 1.2% | 1.8% | 2.2% | 2.9% |
| Depression1,5 | 8.8% | 3.8% | 6.1% | 4.5% |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dl)1,2,5 | 91 (6.0) | 94 (4.6) | 94 (4.8) | 93 (5.5) |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)1,2,5,6 | 131 (14) | 135 (15) | 137 (15) | 136 (13) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)1,2,5,6 | 79 (7) | 81 (8) | 82 (8) | 81 (8) |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)1,2,3,4 | 129 (31) | 144 (35) | 147 (37) | 132 (36) |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg.dl)1,2,3,5 | 53 (16) | 48 (14) | 46 (15) | 45 (13) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)1,2,3,4,5 | 150 (91) | 187 (144) | 200 (138) | 232 (265) |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)1,2,3,4,5 | 211 (36) | 228 (40) | 231 (43) | 221 (50) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2)1,2,3,4,5,6 | 28.6 (5.3) | 29.8 (5.2) | 31.0 (5.6) | 33.6 (7.2) |
| Number of Metabolic Syndrome Criteria (triglycerides, HDL, BP)1,2,3,4,5 | ||||
| None | 25.1% | 13.1% | 6.7% | 7.6% |
| One | 39.1% | 37.1% | 29.0% | 23.6% |
| Two | 25.4% | 30.2% | 36.8% | 36.7% |
| All three | 10.5% | 19.6% | 27.5% | 32.1% |
| Pharmacy Costs2,3,4,5,6 | $843 ($1,505) | $803 ($1,094) | $1,040 ($2,155) | $1,356 ($2,201) |
| Outpatient Costs1,2,3,4,5 | $1,794 ($1,733) | $1,940 ($1,965) | $2,103 ($1,988) | $2,613 ($3,513) |
| Inpatient Costs1,2,3,5 | $1,148 ($4,168) | $1,716 ($8,335) | $2,164 ($6,993) | $2,599 ($6,834) |
| Total Costs1,2,3,4,5,6 | $3,785 ($5,640) | $4,459 ($9,402) | $5,307 ($8,423) | $6,568 ($9,607) |
1
Subjects who stayed below 100mg/dl differ from those who progressed to Stage 1, p<.001
2
Subjects who stayed below 100mg/dl differ from those who progressed to Stage 2, p<.001
3
Subjects who progressed to Stage 1 differ from those who progressed to Diabetes, p<.001
4
Subjects who progressed to Stage 2 differ from those who progressed to Diabetes, p<.001
5
Subjects who stayed below 100mg/dl differ from those who progressed to Diabetes, p<.001
6
Subjects who progressed to Stage 1 differ from those who progressed to Stage 2, p<.001
Numbers shown are means (standard deviations) or proportions (%).