Table 2. Gene candidates for acyl-lipid metabolism in T. gondii.
EC number: enzyme nomenclature following recommendation of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Genes whose function is based on sequence similarity are in italic characters; genes whose function is based on experimental data are in normal characters. Absence of a gene candidate is indicated by (nc), except in case of absence of experimental evidence for the gene occurrence (no evidence). Plants having no known dual dihydroxyacetone-phosphate/glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, the corresponding sequence from yeast (Uniprot accession no. GPT1_YEAST P32784) was used as a probe. In the case of the plastidial CDP-DAG synthetase gene candidate, prediction of an Sp (*) could be assessed when computed with the second methionine as a start. Ctp, chloroplast-like transit peptide; Mtp, mitochondrial transit peptide; Sa, signal anchor sequence; Sp, signal peptide.
| Gene candidates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acyl-ACP- or acyl-CoA-dependent lipid metabolism | EC number | A. thaliana | T. gondii | Target prediction |
| Synthesis of membrane lipids in plastids (PA, MGDG, DGDG, SQDG and PG) | ||||
| using acyl-ACP | ||||
| Glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase | 2.3.1.15 | At1g32200 | TgTigrScan_3735 | Sp Ctp |
| 2-Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (PA synthase) | 2.3.1.51 | At4g30580 | TgTigrScan_0603 | Sp Ctp |
| Plastidial phosphatidic acid phosphatase | 3.1.3.4 | At2g01180 | nc | – |
| MGDG synthase | 2.4.1.46 | At2g11810, At4g31780, | nc | – |
| At5g20410 | ||||
| DGDG synthase | 2.4.1.184 | At3g11670, At4g00550 | nc | – |
| Galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyltransferase | nc | nc | – | |
| Sulpholipid synthase (SQDG synthase) | At5g01220 | No evidence | – | |
| CDP-DAG synthetase | 2.7.7.41 | At2g45150, At3g60620, | TgTigrScan_4999 | Sp Ctp* |
| At4g26770 | ||||
| PG-phosphate synthase | 2.7.8.5 | At2g39290 | TgTigrScan_4540 | Sp Ctp |
| PG-phosphate phosphatase (PG synthase) | nc | nc | – | |
| Synthesis of membrane lipids in endomembrane systems (PA, APC, PE, PS, PI, PG and Cer) | ||||
| using acyl-Co | ||||
| Plant-like endomembrane glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase | 2.3.1.15 | At5g06090, At3g11430 | nc | – |
| Dual dihydroxyacetone-phosphate/glycerol-phosphate | No evidence | TgTwinScan_6545 | Sp | |
| acyltransferase (none in plants; in yeast: GPT1_YEAST) | ||||
| Peroxisomal dihydroxyacetone-phosphate; ether lipid | No evidence | TgTwinScan_3802 | Sp | |
| syntheses (none in plants; in human: GNPAT-HUMAN) | ||||
| 2-Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (PA synthase) | 2.3.1.51 | At1g80950, At3g18850, | nc | – |
| At1g75020 | ||||
| Phosphatidate phosphatase | 3.1.3.4 | At1g15080 | TgTigrScan_1948 | Sa |
| Phosphatidylserine synthase (PS synthase) | 2.7.8.8 | nc | nc | – |
| Phosphatidylinositol synthase (PI synthase) | 2.7.8.11 | At1g68000, At4g38570 | TgTigrScan_5902 | Sa |
| Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase | 4.1.1.65 | At4g25970, At5g57190 | TgTigrScan_0325 | Sp |
| Ethanolamine/serine base-exchange enzyme | At1g15110 | TgTigrScan_7983 | Sp | |
| DAG cholinephosphotransferase (PC synthase) | 2.7.8.2 | At3g25585 | TgTigrScan_0833 | Sp |
| CDP-DAG synthetase | 2.7.7.41 | At1g62430, At4g22340 | TgTigrScan_1888 | ? |
| PG-phosphate synthase | 2.7.8.5 | At3g55030 | nc | – |
| PG-phosphate phosphatase (PG synthase) | nc | nc | – | |
| Serine palmitoyltransferase (LCB1-3) | 2.3.1.50 | At4g36480, At3g48780, | TgTigrScan_1389 | Sp |
| At5g23670 | ||||
| Ceramide synthase (sphingosine N-acyltransferase) | 2.3.1.24 | At3g25540, At3g19260, | TgTigrScan_2444 | Sp |
| At1g13580 | ||||
| Synthesis of membrane lipids in mitochondria (PA, PG and DPG) using acyl-CoA | ||||
| Glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase | 2.3.1.15 | At1g02390, At1g06520 | nc | – |
| 2-Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase | 2.3.1.51 | At4g30580 | TgTigrScan_8310 | Mtp |
| Phosphatidate phosphatase | 3.1.3.4 | At3g02600 | nc | – |
| PG-phosphate synthase | 2.7.8.5 | At4g04870 | nc | – |
| PG-phosphate phosphatase (PG synthase) | nc | nc | – | |
| Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | 1.1.99.5 | At3g10370 | TgTigrScan_1884 | Mtp |
| Cardiolipid synthase (DPG synthase) | nc | nc | – | |
| Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase | 4.1.1.65 | At4g16700 | TgTigrScan_0325 | Mtp |
| Synthesis and storage of triacylglycerols using acyl-CoA | ||||
| Acyl-CoA: DAG acyltransferase | 2.3.1.20 | At2g19450 | TgTigrScan_5720 | ? |
| Hydrolysis of acylglycerols and acyl-hydrolases | ||||
| Acyl-CoA oxidase | 1.3.3.6 | At1g06290, At1g06310, | TgTigrScan_7878 | Sa |
| At2g35690, At4g16760, | ||||
| At5g65110 | ||||
| 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase | 1.1.1.35 | At3g15290 | TgTigrScan_3778 | ? |
| Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase | 2.3.1.16 | At1g04710, At2g33150, | TgTigrScan_7504, | Mtp |
| At5g48880 | TgTigrScan_8000 | Sp | ||
| Lysophospholipase | 3.1.1.5 | At1g52700, At3g15650, | TgTigrScan_5386 | ? |
| At4g22300, At5g20060 | ||||
| Carboxylic ester hydrolases (patatin-like) | 3.1.1.* | At1g33270, At3g57140, | TgTigrScan_2912, | ? |
| At5g04040 | TgTigrScan_4606 | Sa | ||
| Phospholipase A1 | 3.1.1.32 | At1g31480 | TgTigrScan_5764 | ? |
| Acyl-CoA thioesterase | 3.1.2.20 | At2g30720, At5g48370 | TgTigrScan_1278 | ? |