Table 1.

Effects of bisphosphonates in animal models of breast cancer

Animal model	Bisphosphonate	Type of protocol (preventative/therapeutic)	Effects on skeletal metastases	Effects on extraskeletal metastases	Reference
MDA-MB-231 breast cancer (intracardiac)	Risedronate	Preventative	↓ new skeletal metastases	No effect	Sasaki et al. (1995) [21]
		Therapeutic	↓ progression of existing skeletal metastases	No effect
MDA-MB-231 breast cancer (intracardiac)	YH529	Preventative	↓ skeletal metastases	↑ at low doses; ↓ at higher dose	Sasaki et al. (1998) [22]
		Therapeutic	No change	No change
MDA-MB-231 breast cancer (intracardiac)	Ibandronate	Preventative	↓ skeletal metastases	↑ adrenal metastases	Yoneda et al. (2000) [23]
		Therapeutic	↓ progression of established skeletal metastases	No effect
4T1, mouse mammary tumor cell line (orthotopic)	Zoledronate	Preventative	↓ skeletal metastases	No effect on primary tumor or visceral metastases	Mundy et al. (2001) [26]
		Therapeutic	↓ progression of established skeletal metastases	No effect
ENU-1564 mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (intracardiac, rats)	Risedronate	Therapeutic	↓ skeletal metastases	No effect	Hall and Stoico (1994) [27]
Walker carcinosarcoma 256B cells (intra-aortic)	Clodronate	Preventative	↓ osteolysis; no change in number of skeletal metastases	No effect	Krempien and Manegold (1993) [29]
Walker carcinosarcoma 256B cells (intra-aortic)	Pamidronate	Preventative	↓ skeletal metastases	No effect	Krempien e tal. (1998) [30]
MCF-7* breast cancer (intracardiac)	Ibandronate	Preventative	↓ skeletal metastases (osteoblastic)	No effect	Yoneda e tal. (2000) [23]
		Therapeutic	No effect	No effect

^* MCF-7 causes osteoblatic or mixed osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions. ↑, increase; ↓, decrease.