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Wounds to consider for open management
| • Severe contamination (during laparotomy for faecal peritonitis) |
| • Old laceration (> 12-24 hours; depends on amount of contusion) |
| • Shock (of any cause but usually haemorrhagic) |
| • Devitalisation (local poor tissue perfusion) |
| • Foreign body (either external or known dead tissue) |
| • Kinetic energy (in wounds caused by explosions; implies presence of dead tissue and foreign material) |
