Table 5.
Genes with experimentally characterized upstream ORFs in their 5' UTR
| Gene | Organism | Number of upstream ORFs | Effects | Reference |
| AdoMetDC | Mammalian | 1 | Spermidine-dependent translation control | [61] |
| GCN4 | Yeast | 4 | Starvation-dependent translation/stability regulation | [62] |
| CD36 | Human | 3 | Glucose-mediated translation control | [63] |
| YAP2 | Yeast | 2 | NMD-independent mRNA destabilization | [26] |
| YAP1 | Yeast | 1 | Weak translation inhibition | [26] |
| V(1b) Vasopressin receptor | Rat | 5 | Translation inhibition (no destabilization) | [64] |
| Connexin-41 | Xenopus | 3 | Translation inhibition | [65] |
| Mdm2 long transcript | Human | 2 | Translation inhibition | [66] |