TABLE 1.

Summary of patients with rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by A. elegans

Reference or source	Age (yr)/sex	Predisposing condition(s)	Presenting symptoms; preceding surgery or trauma	Physical findings	Radiographic manifestations
31	19/M	None	Pain in upper palate and decreased vision in left eye after fall from tractor, striking left temple on ground	Dark necrotic tissue on left upper palate, left eye proptosis	CT of head/sinuses: opacification of left maxillary sinus and swelling of left periorbital soft tissue
9	52/M	Myelofibrosis	Fever, right facial swelling	Right facial swelling, right eye chemosis, whitish friable mass in right nasal cavity	CT of sinuses: soft tissue shadow in maxillary antrum and ethmoid sinuses; preseptal orbital cellulitis
2	54/M	Chronic sinusitis	Fever, nasal congestion, frontal headache, left cheek swelling	Large congested inferior turbinates, swollen maxillary vestibule, pus draining from sinus tracts on labial surface of upper alveolar ridge	CT of sinuses: extensive mucoperiosteal thickening of both maxillary sinuses with bony resorption of left maxillary sinus
17	24/M	None	Closed-head trauma with Le Fort II complex facial fracture after motorcycle collision	Right periorbital ecchymosis and proptosis with full-thickness skin necrosis of right frontotemporal region and cheek; corneal opacification	CT of head: opacification of paranasal sinuses
15	59/M	None	Sharp, deep retro-orbital pain and fever following high-pressure water jet injury to right inner canthus while cleaning air conditioner filter	Marked right-sided periorbital edema, erythema, and proptosis	CT of orbits: marked proptosis and chemosis; extensive mucosal thickening in right ethmoid and maxillary sinuses; MRI of orbits: right proptosis, infiltrated orbital fat, enlarged extraocular muscles, extending into right maxillary antrum, nasal cavity, sphenoid sinus, infratemporal fossa
7	20/F	None	Pain, redness, swelling, and protrusion of right eye, rhinitis, headache, fever	Right eye protrusion, erythema, and swelling	CT of head: mass extending across nasal septum, displacing right orbital tissue with retro-orbital extension
This study	50/M	Diabetes mellitus, allergic rhinitis, and previous sinusitis	Right maxillary facial and periorbital pain and swelling, diplopia, right eye ptosis, and right facial droop and numbness	Right eye proptosis with erythema, tenderness, and swelling	CT sinuses: unremarkable; MRI of head: intraorbital inflammation and proptosis with tenting of posterior globe