Cell-chip distance for HEK293 cell on fibronectin measured by FLIC microscopy. (a) Electrolyte with resistivity . (a, top) Fluorescence micrograph on silicon chip on four terraces of silicon dioxide with heights 9.7, 52.3, 99.6,and 140.8 nm in the order marked in the upper left corner. (a, bottom) Fluorescence intensity averaged over the areas marked in the micrograph versus height of terraces. The data are fitted with a distance between membrane and oxide . (b) Electrolyte with resistivity . (b, top) Fluorescence micrograph on terraces with heights 9.4, 51.8, 98.2, and 139.6 nm. (b, bottom) Fluorescence versus height of terraces. The data are fitted with .