FIG. 1.

Effect of ribavirin on HTNV S-segment RNA replication and transcription. Six-well cell culture plates containing Vero E6 cells per well were infected with HTNV at an MOI of 0.01 (A, C, and E) or an MOI of 0.1 (B, D, and F). After 1 h, the monolayers were overlaid with 2 ml of Eagle minimum essential medium containing 0 (▪) or 24 (▩) μg of ribavirin. For each of the following 3 days, total RNA was isolated and probed for cRNA (A and B), vRNA (C and D), and mRNA (E and F) synthesis as described in Materials and Methods. An actin probe was used to control the proportional quantity of cellular RNA (Table 1). The graph shows the area obtained from PhosphorImager analysis of the hybridization signals from two separate experiments of the RNA levels in which the RNA levels were analyzed in triplicate (± the standard deviation). ✽, Up to 4-fold differences from wild-type levels (0 μg of ribavirin); ✽✽, up to 8-fold differences from wild-type levels (0 μg of ribavirin); ✽✽✽, a >8-fold difference from wild-type levels (0 μg of ribavirin).