Binding of Ψ RNA to the NC proteins. (A) Purification of NC proteins. wt NC and a mutant version of NC (NC-SKL) were expressed, purified by fast-performance liquid chromatography, electrophoresed on a SDS-10% polyacrylamide gel, and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. The positions of molecular mass markers (in kilodaltons) are shown to the right of the gel. (B) In vitro-transcribed RNA was not mixed or mixed with NC or NC-SKL proteins at the indicated molar ratios. The band shifts are indicated by arrows. μΨ, an 82-nt minimal packaging sequence; MΨ, a 160-nt packaging sequence; αMΨ, antisense MΨ RNA.